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Alternatives International Journal
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2 August 2011, by Melissa Wils-Owens
Last Call for Alternatives’ Days Registration
Since 1994, Alternatives Montreal has focused Canadian interest in social and political activism through an annual event called Alternatives’ Days. Both an opportunity for Canadian camaraderie (…) -
2 August 2011, by Emilie Couture
Quebecor’s Crusade against Public Financing
“Do as I say, not as I do”: it is basically the message that the different entities of Quebecor Media have been sending us recently about the use of provincial and federal funding. The recent (…) -
2 August 2011, by Nitasha Moothoo-Padayachie
67 Minutes: A successful example of social cohesion
"It is ordinary people...that make the world a special place," - Nelson Mandela, 2008 July 18th not only marks the birthday of the great Nelson Mandela, but also marks a recently (…) -
2 August 2011, by Kelsey Williams
Interventions in Africa: Help or Hindrance?
Sub-Saharan Africa withstands an almost constant onset of civil wars, ethnic conflicts, and failed states. When these tragedies occur, there is an attitude within the international community that (…) -
2 August 2011, by Erin Hudson
The Arab Spring: to live with the dignities of human rights or die trying
“They are saying death or dignity. Yes, it has come down to this…Do not make a mistake; this is not a religious revolution. This is not an ideological revolution. This is a human rights (…) -
2 August 2011, by Marion Bauer
Madagascar’s Land Distribution – what is left for the Malagasy?
In Madagascar, a diverse set of needs as well as the factions representing them battle to find a way to fulfill their interests, often leading to turmoil. Madagascar’s policies of land (…) -
2 August 2011, by Jason Leung
High and Dry
In the past few months, a vicious drought has plagued East Africa. Regarded as the worst drought in sixty years, the region is witnessing a natural disaster that has destroyed livelihoods, brought (…) -
2 August 2011, by Kevin Kaczmara
March of the Penguins
Ranked number forty-five on the United Nations Human Development Index, Chile finds itself ahead of all of its Latin American counterparts, and understandably so. The two decades since the end of (…) -
2 August 2011, by Anna Lekas Miller
Sisterhood of the Sluts
On January 24th, 2011, Constable Michael Sanguinetti, spoke at a crime prevention conference at a Toronto law school. He dared to say, “…women should avoid dressing like sluts to avoid being (…) -
2 August 2011, by Geneviève Lavoie-Mathieu
Food Crisis in the Horn of Africa : Beyond food aid and cash transfers
Recent headlines are dominated by what has been described as ’the worse drought the Horn of Africa has suffered in sixty years’. This comes as no surprise. Amid the droughts that gravely impacted (…) -
2 August 2011, by Patrick Bond
Climate Meetings are Conferences of Polluters
Judging by what transpired at the global climate negotiations in the former West German capital, Bonn, it appears certain that in just over five months’ time, the South African port city of Durban (…) -
1 July 2011, by Melissa Wils-Owens
Keeping Hope Afloat: Freedom Flotilla II
Last month, an international fleet of ships embarked for Gaza as the sequel to the 2010 Freedom Flotilla which triggered the relaxation of Israel’s blockade on the Gaza Strip. This territory is on (…) -
1 July 2011, by Isabelle Reford,
Melissa Wils-Owens
Alternatives International Project Briefing - July 2011
Each of the nine member organizations of the Alternatives International federation is constantly at work on a variety of projects to improve social, economic and environmental justice in their (…) -
1 July 2011, by Wendy Papakostandini
Reproductive Rights Are Human Rights
On the surface, reproductive rights do not seem particularly pressing. More often than not, they are swept under the rug, and rarely are they equated with human rights. I argue however that the (…) -
1 July 2011, by Nitasha Moothoo-Padayachie
Gendercide in India: the patriarchy of birth
Gendercide, as coined by Mary Ann Warren in her1985 book, is viewed as a product of poverty or ignorance. This article will help demonstrate that the issue of gendercide is not class or education (…) -
1 July 2011, by Anna Lekas Miller
Moroccan Monarchy in the Arab Spring
Like many Arab revolutionaries before him, including Mohammad Bouazizi of Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia, Oussama Khlefi is young, highly educated, and unable to find work. He has a dual degree in (…) -
1 July 2011, by Jason Leung
Hope for an HIV/AIDS Vaccine
Around the world, HIV/AIDS is a pandemic that is identified as having a devastating effect on all aspects of life, from entire populations to individuals. June 2011 marks the thirtieth anniversary (…) -
1 July 2011, by Salma Moolji
The Brazilian Surge for Hydroelectricity at Belo Monte: A Beautiful Mountain of Trouble
Thirty years ago, a Brazilian indigenous group, the Kayapo, burst onto the world stage in full colour, with feather headdresses, painted faces, disked upper lips and the singer Sting by their (…) -
30 June 2011, by Kevin Kaczmara
Decentralizing the Effects of the Earthquake in Japan
While natural disasters are intrinsically unavoidable, the aftermath of such catastrophes is, to an extent, predetermined by a country’s stage of development. As far as the unofficial hierarchy (…) -
30 June 2011, by Geneviève Lavoie-Mathieu
Like Fish Out of Water: India’s Landless Farmers
The Kondh area of central-southwest Orissa and neighbouring states is one of the most abundant areas in high quality bauxite. This has fueled a new wave of mining and metal factory based (…) -
30 June 2011, by Liza Ponomarenko
A Lesson to Be Learned from India’s Failing Microfinance
Microcredit, microfinance, and microlending are synonymously used to describe the trend policy makers attribute to significant reductions in poverty. Essentially, microfinance programs use (…) -
30 June 2011, by Siddharth Varadarajan
India’s Stake in Africa’s Future
A spectre is haunting Europe and America, home to the colonialists and cold warriors of yesterday, the spectre of an Africa—which they ruled and exploited for a century-and-a-half—now coming under (…) -
30 June 2011, by Patrick Bond
Gaza: A View From the Ground A South African Perspective
Here in Palestine, disgust expressed by civil society reformers about Barack Obama’s May 19 policy speech on the Middle East and North Africa confirms that political reconciliation between (…) -
30 June 2011, by Alternative Information Center
Activists in Israel Reject German Party’s Position
The German left-wing party Die Linke issued a shocking statement on 7 June 2011, stating that “We will not participate in initiatives on the Middle East conflict which call for a one-state (…) -
1 June 2011, by Salma Moolji
Panama’s Open-Pit Crisis: The Indigenous Struggle Against Mining
Dawn cracks with the swift motion of clouds cresting over the peaks of Panama’s rolling cordillera. It is six am; the roosters are already crowing and the children, already crying in the (…) -
1 June 2011, by Nitasha Moothoo-Padayachie
Gender Mainstreaming in the South African Public Service
In 1995, the mainstreaming of gender was identified as a key process for instituting change to the new South African democracy. South Africa ratified the Beijing Platform for Action, an agenda (…) -
1 June 2011, by Liza Ponomarenko
Environmental Health in China: Poised in Ambiguity
A rapidly industrializing nation, the Peoples Republic of China is simultaneously lagging and leading in the field of environmental health, which specifically addresses the physical, chemical, and (…) -
1 June 2011, by Geneviève Lavoie-Mathieu
The Controversy of Land Acquisition in the Developing World
Global food prices soared dramatically between 2006 and 2008 and again in 2010, which signals a new era of uncertainty and rivalry in the field of global arable land. Lack of arable land and (…) -
1 June 2011, by Davide Mastracci
Drugs & Justice
In the last couple of weeks the outcry aimed at the war on drugs in Mexico has been massive, with tens of thousands descending upon the streets of Mexico City in protest. The desire amongst the (…) -
1 June 2011, by Erin Hudson
Anti-homosexuality and Africa
Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Bill came to life in 2009. Since then, campaigns for the passage of the bill and against homosexuality have occurred throughout Uganda as have protests against the (…) -
1 June 2011, by Wendy Papakostandini
Death of Democracy in India, Birth of Censorship
“What are we, Saudi Arabia?” asks Pushkar Raj, the general secretary of the People’s Union for Civil Liberties in India. He adds, “We don’t expect this from India. This is something very serious.” (…) -
1 June 2011, by Michelle Craig and Steve Richter
The Fate of Montreal’s Community Gardens
The survival of the community garden known as Faubourg Saint-Laurent is at risk and the city of Montreal has a choice to make: preserve the garden or turn the land over to high-rise residential (…) -
1 June 2011, by John Riddell
How to Evaluate Progress in Bolivia
Six years after Bolivians elected their first Indigenous-led government, their ongoing struggle for national and social liberation remains a subject of debate and disagreement among socialists (…) -
1 June 2011, by Raïsa Mirza
Agricultural Livelihoods in Rwanda
Land is the resource upon which many Rwandans rely for their livelihood. The stakeholders in modern day agriculture are numerous. Farmers, co-operatives, NGOs, corporations and governments all (…) -
1 June 2011, by Nassar Ibrahim
Palestinian Reconciliation: Conditions Required for Success
The signing of the Palestinian reconciliation agreement is just the beginning of the internal reconciliation process on the national, political, strategic and tactical levels. Nassar Ibrahim (…) -
1 June 2011, by Isabelle Reford
Structural Adjustment at the IMF. Literally.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 187 member countries. The purpose of the fund is to promote the macroeconomic stability of the world economy by lending resources to (…) -
1 June 2011, by Isabelle Reford,
Melissa Wils-Owens
Alternatives International Project Briefing – June 2011
Each of the nine member organizations of the Alternatives International federation is constantly at work on a variety of projects to improve social, economic and environmental justice in their (…) -
1 June 2011, by Kevin Kaczmara
The Search for a Socialist Smartphone
It may take several more years before the average citizen of Cuba, a self-proclaimed socialist country, faces consumer decisions as critical as choosing between a BlackBerry and an iPhone. If Cuba (…) -
11 May 2011, by Mostafa Henaway
Students, labour, academics: Growing Pan-Canadian solidarity with Palestine
A series of developments and initiatives across Canada and Quebec underline the growing concern on and around Canadian campuses for issues relating to Palestine and in particular, around (…) -
10 May 2011, by Noam Chomsky
My Reaction to Osama bin Laden’s Death
We might ask ourselves how we would be reacting if Iraqi commandos landed at George W. Bush’s compound, assassinated him, and dumped his body in the Atlantic. It’s increasingly clear that the (…) -
29 April 2011, by Nick Buxton
The Law of Mother Earth: Behind Bolivia’s historic bill
Indigenous and campesino (small-scale farmer) movements in the Andean nation of Bolivia are on the verge of pushing through one of the most radical environmental bills in global history. The (…) -
26 April 2011, by Elizabeth Peredo Beltran
Some Reflections On The Way From Cochabamba To Durban
There is a rebellious movement growing across the planet protesting the unfair impacts of climate change and environmental crisis. A global intuition was being formed on the real causes of climate (…) -
26 April 2011, by John Riddell
Montreal Meeting Shows Growing Support for Climate Justice
Conference organizer: “This is the first chance in twenty years for such a political discussion embracing forces from both Quebec and [English] Canada” Bolivia marked Earth Day (April 22) this (…) -
19 April 2011, by Christian Nadeau
We are not alone: Resistance before and after the elections
Since the publication of my book Rogue in Power, I have called the attention of my readers to two main points. First, I wanted to underline the significance of a mass vote against the (…) -
14 April 2011, by Nipa Banerjee
LETTER FROM KABUL
I board a plane from Frankfurt, bound for Dubai on the way to one of my innumerable trips to Afghanistan. I muse about my journey over the years in the land of the Kabuliwallahs, the fruits and (…) -
5 April 2011, by Stefan Christoff
Elections 2011 and criminalization of dissent
As election ads fill the airwaves and campaign buses travel Canada’s thawing highways over the next month, the national media-driven debate has shifted toward the possibility of the Conservatives (…) -
15 March 2011, by Michael Ryan Wiseman
Then fall, Caesar
“Beware the ides of March.” And with these words the soothsayers stop soothing. This is not good news— not for a Caesar, a dictator, a self-styled demigod. Hope, ever last into the casket, (…) -
15 March 2011, by Horace CAMPBELL
Saluting the revolutionary women of Egypt
Honouring the struggles of women all over the world against patriarchy and oppression in the week of the 100th anniversary of International Women’s Day, Horace Campbell focuses on the instrumental (…) -
15 March 2011, by Juan Cole
King’s Nixonian Hearings against American Muslims
Rep. Peter T. King (R-NY)’s hearings on the alleged ‘radicalization’ of American Muslims are an affront to the brave Middle Eastern Muslims who have, during the past two months, thrown off (…) -
15 March 2011, by Marcus Tan de Bibiana
An Awakened Journey
Manoeuvring through the colourful and busy neighbourhood blocks of Tamale is like stumbling through a marketplace without knowing what exactly you came for; there is something electrifying about (…) -
15 March 2011, by Michael Lithgow
ART THREAT !!!
When Banksy offered to pay $133,000 US to get artists Oleg Vorotnikov and Leonid Nikolayev out of a Russian jail, the local court said “nyet!”. But Russians charged with murder are routinely (…) -
15 March 2011, by Salima Punjani
Reversing Stereotypes
December saw the end of the incredibly successful first annual Addis Ababa Foto Festival (AFF), but the creative momentum sparked by the festival is omnipresent. AFF was organized by Ethiopian (…) -
15 March 2011, by Joel Balsam
Spinning Classes
Carefully placed on a round table in the lobby of the Sheraton Hotel in downtown New Orleans lay a number of special edition Jewish Federations of North America General Assembly (GA) Ha’aretz (…) -
15 March 2011, by Barbara Legault
ReBELLEs
In October 2008, under the theme of Toujours RebELLES — Waves of Resistance, 500 young feminists, aged fourteen to thirty-five, from all regions of Canada and Québec gathered in Montreal. What (…) -
14 March 2011, by Robert Fisk
Palestinians Understand Gaddafi Better Than We Do
To Beirut. Storms. Heavy rain. Seas sweeping over the little port by my home. A meeting with a close friend of a son of Gaddafi. "He wants a battle, habibi, he wants a battle. He wants to be the (…) -
14 March 2011, by Rob Rainer
Charities Should Not Be Politically Muzzled
The freedom of expression of Canada’s 80,000-plus charities is being unfairly restricted. According to the Income Tax Act (ITA) and a Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) policy, if a charity spends more (…) -
28 February 2011, by Michel LAMBERT
Alternatives Attacked!
It is with these two words that I began my day yesterday. Alternatives is once again the target of a report in the media, this time via the plume of an obscure professor at the HEC de Montréal. (…) -
23 February 2011, by Feroz MEHDI
World Social Forum: 10th Anniversary
Senegal welcomed the world this month, as 75,000 people representing local and international progressive movements and organizations came to Dakar from over 130 countries. Contrary to what (…) -
23 February 2011, by Connie Hackbarth
Israel Bars AIC, Independent Journalists from Jerusalem Press Conference with Chilean Miners
Israeli authorities barred entrance to representatives of the Alternative Information Center (AIC) and independent news sources from a press conference being held in West Jerusalem with the (…) -
16 February 2011, by World Assembly of Social Movements
Final Declaration of the Social Movements Assembly
As the Social Movements Assembly of the World Social Forum of Dakar, 2011, we are gathered here to affirm the fundamental contribution of Africa and its peoples in the construction of human (…) -
16 February 2011, by Patrick Bond
From Cairo to Dakar to Durban, Another World Actually Is Possible!
Last week’s World Social Forum (WSF) in Dakar, Senegal, ended up riotously happy thanks to the eviction of a universally-hated Egyptian Pharoah, after near-debilitating logistical disasters at the (…) -
16 February 2011, by Feroz MEHDI
Palestine at the World Social Forum 2011
In the plenary concluding session of the World Education Forum in Ramallah on October 31, 2010 it was decided to hold a thematic forum “World Forum in Solidarity with Palestine” sometimes in 2012. (…) -
2 October 2010, by Michael Ryan Wiseman
The F Word
Now that I have your attention, a quick rant on fascism and its growing popularity in the realm of name-calling and political point-scoring. We seem to be throwing the term around a lot these (…) -
1 October 2010, by Refaat SABBAH
The World Education Forum
Whenever Palestinians have the chance to meet people from outside, and they realize there are still people in the world who fight for justice and fight for the rights of the other, it gives them (…) -
1 October 2010, by Sana Saaed
Restricted Free Agency
I never thought that my body could serve as potentially the next front of the ever-erroneous but still somehow existent ‘clash of civilizations.’ Yet with the way things seem to be going these (…) -
1 October 2010, by Ezra Winton
ART THREAT !!!
A NYC poster campaign that invites people to voice their opinions on Park51 aka Ground Zero Mosque aka Cordoba Center in writing; Hamdulillah, a stunning new music video from hip hop artist The (…) -
1 October 2010, by Steve Sharra
Reflections on the International Day of Peace
As I was beginning a seven-month period in 2004 studying prospects for peace education in Malawian classrooms, a friend of mine seemed very surprised at the topic of my study. Why peace education? (…) -
1 October 2010, by Salima Punjani
Teach a Man to Fish
At first I was skeptical about why we had a 3-week training program, I was nervous about the reintroduction of development buzzwords into my life, I was dreading being a part of conversations that (…) -
1 October 2010, by David Heap and Dylan Penner
On Course
The Canadian Boat to Gaza has been the target of slurs and misinformation— some facts (as opposed to rhetoric) about our campaign may interest open-minded readers. The Palestinians of Gaza are (…) -
1 October 2010, by Michael Bramadat-Willcock
The Second Line
"We went through the same routine at the El Salvador border, and since there were a few other buses travelling the same route I met a tourist from Iceland who was on a volunteer mission. He ran (…) -
1 October 2010, by Ronald Cameron
Now the People
In the midst of the crisis, everything seemed possible for the workers of the world: from the bonfire of established orthodoxies a new consensus was forming... Two years later, we observe the (…) -
2 September 2010, by Michael Ryan Wiseman
Realitopia
"... It speaks to the very heart of the dilemma amongst us utopians— how do you move a pile of excrement without getting any on you? At the very least, you are bound to smell of it..." (…) -
2 September 2010, by Cy Gonick
Ecosocialism as Holistic Earth Care
Legendary lefty Cy Gonick speaks to ecosocialism founder Joel Kovel about creating global resistance movements; ecosocialist activism that moves beyond pressing for direct caps on polluters; and (…) -
2 September 2010, by Mireille Fanon-Mendès France
The Sunrise of the Damned
Franz Fanon only got to see the first fires that were the false dawn of African independence. Sickness took him before the hope forged through liberation struggles dissolved into the neocolonial (…) -
2 September 2010, by Tapan Bose
Kashmir Burning
From the ramparts of the Red Fort, celebrating the 64th anniversary of India’s Independence, Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, offered to hold dialogue with the agitating youth of Kashmir if they (…) -
2 September 2010, by Michael Bramadat-Willcock
In the Shadow of Sandino
“The election looms in the coming days; it is an amazing scene of lies and manipulations. If Ortega wins there may be a civil war here. It is quite tense,” my father warned me before my last visit (…) -
2 September 2010, by Phyllis Bennis
Mosque Hysteria
At its core, the controversy surrounding the proposed Islamic community center in downtown Manhattan is not about religion. It’s about war. For some years now the fear factor that followed the (…) -
2 September 2010, by Marine Begault
Alternatives Days
Sitting on one of the packed yellow school buses on the way to the Journées Des Alternatives, my expectations were dim. After all, I was spending my first weekend in Canada at a no-frills summer (…) -
2 September 2010, by Ezra Winton
ART THREAT !!!
A Conversation with Return to El Salvador director Jamie Moffett; Video installation infiltrates 6000 NYC taxis; Artist Profile: Nicholas Hlobo A Conversation with Return to El Salvador (…) -
2 September 2010, by Yasser Shoukry
The Essence of Islam
Islam, like other religions, is a religion that began as a message to ensure better material and spiritual conditions for human beings. Movements of political Islam however, refer to the (…) -
2 September 2010, by Claire Hurtig,
Freda Guttman
Towards a free Palestine!
Join us at the historic Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) Conference in Montreal this October! From 22 to 24 October 2010, Montreal-based Palestine-solidarity organizations will host an (…) -
2 August 2010, by Michael Ryan Wiseman
A Strategic Victory
Hats off to the hat that’s finally on that dastardly oil pipe. We can all rest assured that the Gulf of Mexico will be as good as new in no time. Indeed, word is coming out that clean up efforts (…) -
2 August 2010, by Michael Bramadat-Willcock
Free Gaza Movement and Mavi Marmara
Canadian activists talk about their experiences onboard the Mavi Marmara and announce North American ships to depart for Gaza. Addressing a mixed crowd including Palestinian and Ultra-Orthodox (…) -
2 August 2010, by Stefan Christoff
G20 a month later
A month ago, thousands of chanting voices echoed between downtown towers in the core of Canada’s largest city, with people reclaiming the streets, facing down thousands of armed police — a (…) -
2 August 2010, by Joel Balsam
Moving Forward
“The idea is definitely to bring people together.” Socially conscious rapper Lou Piensa chats with the AIJ. Lou Piensa is co-founder of the multi-cultural, multi-lingual, eclectic hip-hop (…) -
2 August 2010, by Daniel Moss
So That All May Drink
After years of grassroots pressure, the UN General Assembly will debate a resolution on the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation. Maude Barlow, former senior advisor on water (…) -
2 August 2010, by Ezra Winton
ART THREAT !!!
It’s summertime and therefore I’ve been in programming mode. After watching dozens and dozens of docs (and a few fiction), I thought I’d pass along some great summer flicks to cool off with, while (…) -
2 August 2010, by Alternatives Information Center
Paying for the Privilege
The Israeli Knesset voted on July 13th to strip of MK Haneen Zoubi of key parliamentary privileges as punishment for her involvement in the Freedom Flotilla aid convoy, in which Israeli naval (…) -
2 August 2010, by Jodie Beck
Feminists of the World, Unite!
I recently had the honour of joining Montreal’s Women of Diverse Origins as a volunteer for the upcoming Montreal International Women’s Conference (MIWC). Hosts and organizers of the conference, (…) -
1 July 2010, by Michael Ryan Wiseman
Where’s the beef?
Happy birthday, Canada! And what better way to celebrate than throwing a $1 billion dollar birthday party. Curious, though, that most of it was spent on keeping people away from the festivities (…) -
1 July 2010, by Richard Poplak
A Tale of Two Cities
The FIFA World Cup Finals and the G20 summit may at first glance seem entirely disparate, but both events have had a profound effect on the narratives of their respective cities. Those narratives, (…) -
1 July 2010, by Bahati Ntama Jacques and Beth Tuckey
Congo’s Quest for Liberation Continues
Today, at the 50th anniversary of Congo’s independence, the country continues to be a source of wealth for the world, yet the Congolese people live in poverty. Like many African nations, the (…) -
1 July 2010, by Daya Varma
ANGER AT BHOPAL JUDGEMENT
On December 3, 1984, Bhopal became the site of the world’s worst industrial Disaster. The question is: should India entertain hazardous industries at all? If the answer is yes, then what should be (…) -
1 July 2010, by Ezra Winton
ART THREAT !!!
Here are this month’s top stories from Art Threat... The G20 summer blockbuster by Ezra Winton That the hundreds (at last count 900+) of G20 protesters (and random civilians) held in pens (…) -
1 July 2010, by Dimitrios Roussopoulos
Greek Dialectics
‘We are all Greeks’ - Percy Bysshe Shelly, from the preface of his lyrical drama Hellas Having recently spent five wonderful weeks in several parts of Greece, I return to Montreal refreshed. I (…) -
1 July 2010, by Claude Vaillancourt
The G20 faces a crisis with no end in sight
The previous meeting of the G20, last fall in Pittsburgh, ended on a positive note. The closing statement affirmed that G20 countries had done “everything necessary to ensure recovery” and that it (…) -
1 July 2010, by Roger Rashi
From Cochabamba to Cancun
The recent Cochabamba Conference on Climate Change has issued a call to build “a global peoples movement for climate justice.” A novel feature of this call is that it is supported by (…) -
1 July 2010, by Omar Assaf
World Education Forum in Palestine
We are pleased to inform you that the registration for organizations and self-organized activities for the World Education Forum in Palestine (October 28 - 31) opened on June 25. This event is (…) -
2 June 2010, by Feroz MEHDI
Alternatives’ Days 2010
Alternatives welcomes you to the 16th edition of Alternatives’ Days to participate with hundreds of other activists in debates, discussions and activities grouped this year under the title: (…) -
2 June 2010, by Alternatives Information Center
Flotilla Raid
On the morning of 31 May 2010, the Israeli navy perpetrated a crime against humanity when it attacked the Freedom Flotilla, bound for Gaza, sailing in international waters. On the boats were 750 (…)